Cucurbitacin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity mimicking acute gastroenteritis: a case report

Abstract

Bottle gourd juice is traditionally consumed in various regions of Nepal for its perceived health benefits. Its use is commonly recommended by practitioners of alternative medicine for promoting healthy digestion, aiding detoxification, and managing chronic conditions such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. However, cucurbitacin, a naturally occurring toxic compound in bottle gourd, can cause significant gastrointestinal toxicity. We report a case of acute vomiting, diarrhoea, and hematemesis occurring shortly after bottle gourd juice consumption. Based on the temporal association and clinical presentation, bottle gourd toxicity was suspected. The patient was managed conservatively with intravenous fluids, antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors, and close monitoring, resulting in gradual clinical recovery. As no specific antidote exists, treatment remains primarily supportive. This case highlights the potential toxicity of bottle gourd juice and emphasises the importance of early recognition and prompt management.